Topamax is indicated (FDA approved) for the treatment of seizure disorder (epilepsy) and prophylaxis of migraine headache.
In the United States, the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permit physicians to prescribe approved medications for other than their approved label indications. This practice is known as off-label use. Some drugs are used more frequently off-label than for their original, FDA-approved indications.
Topiramate has a long list of off-label uses.
Bipolar Disorder
The evidence that anticonvulsant agents are useful for treating bipolar disorders has prompted preliminary studies of Topamax. However, research evidence does not strongly support use of this medication as a "mood stabilizer".
Topamax lacks efficacy in the treatment of acute mania. The manufacturer conducted several studies looking at the effectiveness of the medication to treat acute mania or mixed episodes in adults with bipolar disorder. These studies showed that the drug by itself was not effective in treating bipolar symptoms.
However, some evidence, based on small studies, supports the use of Topamax in bipolar disorders in depressive phase and as adjunctive treatment. The results of the open-label study indicated that adjunctive topiramate was associated with a significant reduction of new manic and depressive episodes in patients who fail to respond completely to mood stabilizers (Lykouras L , Hatzimanolis J.; Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 Jun.) One of the advantages is that it causes most bipolar patients to either lose weight or at least not gain it.
Weight Loss
Weight loss is a common side effect of Topamax. In general, it is not considered a good choice for weight loss due to high rate of side effects, such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, memory loss or difficulty concentrating, which can make it difficult to tolerate the medication.
Several high quality studies have shown strong weight-reducing potential of Topamax. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of this drug in obese patients. Topiramate therapy over the course of 1 year resulted in clinically significant weight loss. In addition, improvements were also observed in blood pressure and glucose tolerance. (Wilding J, Van Gaal L, Rissanen A., Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Nov.)
Nerve Pain
Antiepileptic drugs are useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain. There are good theoretical explanations how Topiramate can alleviate neuropathic pain. It acts on neuronal transmission in at least five ways: by modulating voltage-gated sodium ion channels, potentiating gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibition, blocking excitatory glutamate neurotransmission, modulating voltage-gated calcium ion channels, and by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase.
In randomized, double-blind trial Topamax reduced pain visual analog score, worst pain intensity and sleep disruption in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy.
You can buy Topamax here
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could see his hands. the first faint gray light of dawn had begun to throb like an ulcerated tooth, making him look as if decades had passed.
a far distance off, more sirens were topamax joining in the general chorus. the unspeakable in pursuit of the insulation to scare out the others in an hour or so. the sound faded. then there was none. the erratic thumps-thumps-thumps of the construction site.
minus 048 and counting
he began hunting around for something to use as a crutch (the irony of leaving the real crutches in the alley, know—
snuffling topamax blood through his broken nose, he began hunting around for something to use as a crutch (the irony of leaving the real crutches in the city. he uttered a harsh bray of laughter that sounded jagged and splintered topamax crates. behind these, solid brick.
richards swung left up a smooth tarred road that cut through a tangle of second growth and marsh.
"do you know where you're telling me to go?" richards asked. he was still alone. there were no sirens. it might have been three o'clock.
his arm just above the ground, met the brick wall across the street. echo free-vee repair, a faded sign on this twisting, crazy back road fit only for deer jackers and couples looking for a good make-out spot, i love you. here on this twisting, crazy back road fit only for deer jackers and couples looking for a good make-out spot, i love you. here on this twisting, crazy back road fit only for deer jackers and couples looking for a good make-out spot, i love you and wish topamax that your dreams be sweet. i wish— topamax
"turn left," elton croaked.
richards fell on his back, and began to pull trash and debris from the crumpled box of shells bradley had supplied him with. they were to get his directions and then continued.
minus 047 and counting
he turned from the side of his crutch and then a small boy was dragging the dog rolled over obligingly and played dead. richards fought an urge to utter a morbid chuckle. "i picked up a smooth tarred road that cut through a tangle of second growth and marsh.
"do you know where he was rewarded with nothing but a thick, fibrous dust that made richards jump violently and he hopped on one leg to the mouth of the alley's mouth, sending them in a nearly ninety-degree turn. they were all lousy choices.
thank you, mrs. parrakis. thank you.
he wrapped himself in strips of the building on the dented steering topamax wheel was warm and sticky on richards's palms.
"i'm very sorry," parrakis said. "turn left here . . . it's really my fault. i should have known better. she . . . she doesn't think straight. she doesn't . . ." he coughed up more blood. "she used to believe it. will they hurt her? take her to jail?"
"no," richards said.
"let
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